History of Fiber Optics

HISTORY OF FIBER OPTICS * In 1840, Daniel Colladon and Jacques Babinet showed the standard of controlling light by refraction. * It was trailed by an open showing by John Tyndal in 1852. In 1870, Tyndal expounded on the property of all out inward appearance in his book about the idea of light. * In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell and Sumner Tainter designed the Photophone, a gadget equipped for transmitting sound waves over light emission is considered as mankind’s first endeavor to utilize light for conveying data. * In 1930, Clarence Hansel and John Logie Baird showed freely picture transmission utilizing fiber. * In 1940’s, Heinrich Lamm effectively transmitted pictures through a solitary glass fiber utilized for interior clinical assessments. * In 1951, Harold Hopkins and Narinder Singh Kapany tried different things with light transmission through groups of fiber.Their study prompted the improvement of the adaptable fiberscope, which is utilized in the clinical field. I t was additionally Kapany who instituted the term fiber optics in 1956. * In 1953, Charles Townes and two of his alumni understudies built up the MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation), and in 1960, Theodore Maiman built up the principal LASER ( Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). In 1967, Charles Kao and George Bockham of the Standard Telecommunications Laboratory proposed the cladded fiber links. * In 1970, Robert Maurer, Donalk Keck and Kapron of Corning Glass built up the main fiber optics with misfortunes under 2dB/Km. * In 1980’s, misfortunes in fiber optics were decreased to as low as 0. 16 dB/Km. This is because of the advancement of top notch light sources and locators. * In 1990’s, the photonic precious stone fiber was built up that can convey high force than the regular silica based filaments.

Frankenstien essay Essay Example for Free

Frankenstien exposition Essay How does Mary Shelley present Frankensteins beast and what is her message to perusers? In this exposition I will be addressing the inquiry on how Mary Shelley present Frankensteins beast and what is her message to perusers? I will likewise investigate the nonsensical apprehensions that existed, about the advancement of science and logical innovation, during the 1800s and how they are tended to in the novel. I will finish up with an individual remark on Shelleys depiction of the animal and logical advancement. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus was composed by Mary Shelley in the mid nineteenth century. Around then it was extremely irregular for ladies to compose and significantly more so on the grounds that she was just 19 years old. Right now there were numerous eager researchers. These new researchers were anxious to look into things they had not examined previously. She previously distributed the book namelessly in 1818 when pundits hailed it as crafted by a virtuoso and were a lot of amazed when they discovered that a lady had composed it. This was additionally how at first responded. Numerous logical advances occurred in the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years, for example, the innovation of the lightning conveyor, and the formation of the primary model electric battery. Here and there, the making of the animal by Frankenstein shows the perils of people attempting to exceed their potential with logical research and information. Victor Frankenstein, an aggressive Swiss college understudy, commits as long as he can remember to attempting to make life. In any case, when he succeeds, the offensiveness and horror of the animal powers Frankenstein to dismiss it. The animal faces an existence of isolation and forlornness and society rejects him in any event, when it attempts to help. This prompts the demise of Frankensteins sibling, William, whom the animal murders, and the hireling, Justine, is hung in the wake of being seen as liable of the wrongdoing. Frankenstein at that point acquires the anger of the animal by making a mate for it and afterward annihilating it. This prompts the demise of Henry Clerval, his closest companion, and Elizabeth, his significant other. At long last both the animal and Frankenstein pass on. The demise of such a significant number of individuals can be a method of demonstrating that logical development isn't generally the most ideal approach and that it very well may be hazardous on occasion. Topics which are, investigated in Frankenstein; are franticness, dreams and bad dreams. During Shelleys time there was a dread of new innovation on account of the fear that machines would supplant people as laborers; this would leave a considerable lot of the workers, and common laborers is out of an occupation. This prompted mobs and unrests, for example, the Luddite mobs of 1811, which saw machines crushed in fierce response. This can be connected to uproars and showings today against premature birth and unnaturally conceived children that one finds in the media regular. The epic starts with the undertaking of a pioneer named Walton. Walton is going to satisfy his aspiration and go on his endeavor toward the North Pole. He needs to go toward the North Pole since he needs to be recalled by finding a spot where no man has ever gone. Walton composes a letter to his sister from St. Petersburg. In his letter Walton says that he realizes that normal individuals are stressed over his aspirations. He says his sister views it as an underhanded precluding. Walton plans for the campaign by being hard and exceptionally extreme on himself as though he appreciates tormenting himself. He states in the letter that he: Persevered through cool, starvation, thirst, and need of rest Victor Frankenstein needs to push back the limits of science. He needs to make life with the goal that individuals would live more. The explanation he wants to bring back life is that nobody else had achieved this previously. He is additionally a researcher and needs to be recollected like all researchers. Victor Frankenstein is likewise exceptionally energized in light of the fact that he wants to bring back life as well as might suspect he could make life. He says: another species would favor me as its maker and source He thinks hes going to be expressed gratitude toward and thought of like a divine being by the new species he is going to make. Frankenstein plans for this by going to addresses, understanding books, not dozing and putting himself completely into his work: Stars regularly vanished into the light of the morning while I was at this point occupied with my research center, implying that Frankenstein invested such a great amount of energy in the lab the evenings passed rapidly. This likewise demonstrates the commitment to his work. His work seems, by all accounts, to be perilous in light of the fact that he went to places like charnel houses and vaults, which are viewed as frightening. He went through days inside these spots to gather crude materials, that is, body parts for his creation. This shows he is set up to effectively achieve his desire, to bring back life. At the point when the animal is being made, Frankenstein is depicted as a devotee and crazy person about what he is doing. He dismissed his wellbeing because of his responsibility to his work. I can recognize this since he says: My cheek had developed pale with study, and my individual had gotten anorexic with repression. This reveals to me that he has become exceptionally sick on account of his endurance on his crucial make counterfeit life. This can imply that he is excessively dedicated to arriving at a target that is out of any people reach. In a manner Mary Shelley additionally shows how Frankenstein is breaking societys restrictions by: [collecting] bones from charnel houses; and upsetting, with base fingers, the enormous mysteries of the human edge. This is appeared as conflicting with nature and as malicious. He likewise depicts his point as messy, with the utilization of the words: my workshop of squalid creation

Tips for Choosing the Right Topic for Mental Health Counseling

Tips for Choosing the Right Topic for Mental Health CounselingThe topics on which a conversation about mental health or eating disorders should take place are pretty well established. This can be pretty useful in helping clients to choose the appropriate conversation starter. So, which of the topics do you think will be a good topic to discuss with your client?The first step is to ask yourself a relevant question. How much do you want to change your life? How many years would it take you to completely change? This gives you a starting point to judge the potential impact that you have with this topic.Then, decide what level of improvement you are likely to achieve. For instance, are you willing to improve by 10 points in a month? Or, are you likely to have a big improvement in a year? If you are interested in big improvements then you should probably use 'big improvements' as your topic. On the other hand, if you are more comfortable making smaller changes you may choose the 'small im provements' option.There are many common themes when discussing these issues. A number of them include self-acceptance, honesty, and respect for oneself and others. Other topics may include ideas about motivation, relationships, health, and weight loss, among others.The great thing about talking about these topics is that they often involve such basic conversation topics as fear, confidence, and doubt. As you look over the possible topics you should try to identify the type of clients you have and the emotions they are likely to be feeling. Your conversation will be much more successful if it includes topics that are not emotionally charged. Try to avoid discussing fear, doubt, and thoughts of failure.When discussing topics that involve emotional components, it is also very important to make sure that the topic is comfortable and that you are not judging the clients on their actions. Don't be surprised if some people won't want to talk about things like depression, but others do. By asking the right questions you will be able to find out the real reasons for why these issues occur and help them make the necessary changes to feel better.Once you have gathered all of the important information you need, it is time to start writing up your ideas. Make sure that you have all of the information that you need to write an effective script so that you can come up with an outline that is persuasive. A number of clients may ask you to produce a script before the conversation.Do not worry about the perfection of the script, as long as you can come up with an outline that is a good fit for the topic at hand. In fact, writing a script that is not for the right reason may result in a false sense of security. After all, that's why you started the conversation!

`` For The Love Of Culture `` By Lawrence Lessig - 1740 Words

Copyright Laws Need an Update Since the beginning, copyrights have existed to protect people from theft of content, thus inspiring more creativity from the public. The interpretation of these laws has been twisted by large corporations to serve as a legal means to restrict content for public use and to gain from profitable licensing. It is essential that copyrighted materials are available to everyone for our culture to grow. With the copyright laws so perplexing and different depending on the context, individuals may not understand they are committing a crime by using information and be subjected to lawsuits, despite good intentions. Lawrence Lessig’s three proposals for copyright changes are key concepts facing issues like this. It is crucial we pay attention because our cultural future is in jeopardy. In Lawrence Lessig’s article â€Å"For the Love of Culture†, he explains his concern that our copyright laws are hampering our opportunity to learn about our pas t. Lessig gives us a good example in the beginning about a daughter of a late great American documentary. She felt it was important to re-master her father’s collections and make them available on DVD. Lessig describes the challenges she faced clearing permissions because of the copyright laws. He also explains how copyright laws are different when trying to access documentary films versus books. Lessig continues, explaining that Google scanned eighteen million books to have them accessible to the public.Show MoreRelatedEssay Filesharing1193 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation. Perhaps the most useful article I found was an article written by Lawrence Lessig, A Stanford professor and author of â€Å"Free Culture†. In his article Lessig pointed out that the battle against online piracy is hopeless the way it is currently being fought. He noted that prosecuting these so-called â€Å"pirates† has not led to an increase of profits for the artists nor a decrease in the amount if illegal filesharing.(2) Lessig also wrote about a consequence of P2P network piracy that I had not beforeRead MoreWhen Does Fair Use Become Theft and Viceversa680 Words   |  3 Pageslaw professor Lawrence Lessig, BoingBoing founder Cory Doctorow and Brazilian musician Gilberto Gil, Gaylor proclaims sampling and remixing as a natural extension of human creativity. In his film, he identifies 2 major groups: the Copy Right (those who feel that ideas are intellectual property, locked up until purchase) and the Copy Left, who say the Public Domain must be defended to ensure the free exchange of ideas. Here are the 4 points of the remixers manifesto: 1 Culture always buildsRead MoreIntellectual Property: Information Must be Freely Available to Everyone2521 Words   |  11 Pagesstates â€Å"That after the expiration of the said term of fourteen years, the sole right of printing or disposing of copies shall return to the authors thereof, if they are then living, for another term of fourteen years,† (Article XI). Lawrence Lessig, author of Free Culture, does a good job of explaining it: â€Å"The act stated that all published works would get a copyright term of fourteen years, renewable once if the author was alive, and that all works already published by 1710 would get a single termRead Moreâ€Å"Today’s Internet Is Killing Our Culture and Assaulting Our Economy† Andrew Keen (2007). Critique This Viewpoint.3659 Words   |  15 PagesThe aim of this essay is to mainly critique the viewpoint made by Andrew Keen that â€Å"Today’s Internet is Killing Our Culture and Assaulting Our Economy.† First, the brief introduction of Andrew Keen’s book and his viewpoints will be introduced. Second, the Web 2.0 applications such as 1) Wikipedia, 2) Blog, and 3) YouTube will be brought up into the essay and discuss their pros and cons to the Internet environment. Third, Keen’s arguments about these three Web 2.0 applications will be demonstratedRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pagesand services, and onli ne content. Mobile device use poses new security and privacy issues as well.  »Ã‚ » Location-based services lead to explosive growth in local advertising and marketing. †¢ Online privacy continues to deteriorate, driven by a culture of self-revelation and powerful technologies for collecting personal information online without the knowledge or consent of users. †¢ Internet security risks increase; cyberwarfare becomes a new way of conducting warfare among nation-states and

Importance of Understanding Civil-Military Relations

The Importance of Understanding Civil-Military Relations â€Å"Some folks are born made to wave the flag, Ooh, they’re red, white and blue†¦ And when the band plays hail to the chief, Ooh, they point the cannon at you, lord†¦ It aint me, it aint me, I aint no senators son, son†¦ It aint me, it aint me; I aint no fortunate one, no†¦ Some folks inherit star spangled eyes, Ooh, they send you down to war, lord†¦ And when you ask them, how much should we give? Ooh, they only answer more! More! More! Yoh†¦ It aint me, it aint me, I aint no military son, son. It aint me, it aint me; I aint no fortunate one, one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - Fortunate Son†, Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1969 The above lyrics are from the song â€Å"Fortunate Son† by Creedence Clearwater†¦show more content†¦This disconnect between military and civilians causes distrust and divides America, which further threatens the safety of our nations. We are just helping our enemies weaken our government when our leaders work independently against each other instead of working together professionally through differences. They must cooperate with each other and sometimes â€Å"agree to disagree†. â€Å"The divide between society and the military places civilian leaders at a disadvantage, alienates the public, and weakens the military’s ability to protect American interests at home and abroad†. [4] If our Military leaders can become better educated themselves on Civil-Military matters they can, in turn, help reconnect and educate the public. This would result in better utilization of our forces by the civil ian leaders. Another perceived problem is the number of Congress members who have served in the military is much lower than the past. This is increasing â€Å"the Gap† between Civilians and Military even more. For example, in 1975 approximately 72 percent of the U.S. Congress had military experience. In 2003, the number of U.S. congressional officials with prior military service was approximately 30 percent. By 2007, the number declined further to 24 percent, with 23 percent in the U.S. Senate and 29 percent in House of Representatives.[5] The Military must find new and creative ways to educate representative’s of the public and workShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Military Dialogue Is The Most Critical Component Of Strategic Art1400 Words   |  6 PagesArguably, civil-military dialogue is the most critical component of strategic art as it serves to build trust and create shared understanding. High levels of trust and understanding facilitate the matching of strategy to po licy while forming the guiding logic that underpins the chosen theory of victory. Furthermore, candid and continuous dialogue facilitates reassessment and redirection when prewar plans fail to meet wartime realities. Without candid and iterative discourse, the result is nothingRead MoreWhat Makes Military Expertise Necessary For The Civil Military Relations?1401 Words   |  6 Pagesmakes military expertise vitally important to Captains in the United States Army. Additionally, the responsibilities of Command, if carried out improperly have the ability to cause significant harm to civil-military relations in this country. Gregory D. Foster identifies several shortcomings of the civil-military relationship in the rant he published in 2007. Though he offers no solutions to the problems he identifies, Foster’s paper brings to light the negative impact that a lack of military expertiseRead MoreSyrian Civil War Case Study1326 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Fall of 2016, as the Unit ed States presidential election approached, a civil war in Syria continued with no end in sight. The Syrian civil war has brought with it a great deal of death and destruction; more than 480,000, many of whom are civilians, were estimated to have been killed as of February 2016, with the death toll rising daily. Running on a platform of America-first, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, advocated against intervention in Syria’s war, unless the interventionRead MoreBureaucratic Model : An Objective Understanding Of Ideologies Associated With Para Militarism And The Federal Bureau Of Investigations867 Words   |  4 PagesTraining Methods of Policing First, to understand the bureaucracy model is important to obtain a clear understanding of ideologies associated with para-militarism and the Federal Bureau of Investigations. The modern police bureaucracy emerged in the 20th century when the professionalism movement occurred. The leaders of the movement were August Vollmer, Bruce Smith, and O.W. Wilson who adopted the military model from Sir Robert Peel. The field of police management was developed in order to cope with theRead MoreRealism And Liberalism : International Relations, And The Cold War Period939 Words   |  4 PagesRealism and liberalism are the two main theoretical perspectives in International Relations, and both theories provide well developed explanations of the dynamics of the international system on the world stage. A system is a group of units or parts united by some form of regular interaction, in which a change in one unit causes changes in the others. In the international system, the states and sub-state act ors, the institutions, and norms regulate their interaction. This implies that these actorsRead MoreRealism And Liberalism In International Relations1610 Words   |  7 PagesA theory of international relations is a set of the ideas that explains how the international system works and how its operated. Unlike an ideology, a theory of international relations would at least be in principle, backed up with a large amount of concrete evidence. The two major theories of international relations would be realism and liberalism. Liberalism and realism are two of the most important theories in the field of International Relations. All because they are both different from oneRead MoreThe World During The Cold War Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant similarities can be found. The security and protection of the state has fundamental always been a priority of importance for any government or organisation since the unforeseen end to the Cold War between Soviet Russia and the United Stat es. There has been astonishing steps taken by the international community to create global tranquillity amount states and to bring end to military conflict during this ‘New World Order’ but through revision of the methods deployed it becomes evident that manyRead MoreCivil Rights : An Appearance1338 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Roe US History 1 October 2014 Civil Rights as an Appearance The United States prided itself on personal and collective freedoms during the Cold War, despite actively denying the same inalienable rights to the African American population during that time. Mary L. Dudziak’s book Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy and Jacquelyn Dowd Hall’s article â€Å"The Long Civil Rights Movement and the Political Uses of the Past† interpret civil rights history in two compatible waysRead MoreWas the Ussr to Blame for the Cold War?815 Words   |  4 PagesWas the USSR to blame for the Cold War? By: Fabricio Rocha The Cold War between the Communist East and the Capitalist West dominated international relations during most of the 20th century. It cannot be said that the USSR alone was to blame for the conflict, although it certainly had a fare share in the blame through its foreign policies and diplomatic interference; the capitalists (mainly USA) did little to promote peace and avoid conflict. Both parties are equally to blame for the Cold War. TheRead MoreThe And Non Proliferation Education1667 Words   |  7 Pageson Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Education and to continue the task of disseminating the essence and importance of Tlatelolco Treaty. In a subsequent resolution of OPANAL, the General Conference expressed its satisfaction with the work done by the organization in the matter of DNPE and calls the General Secretary of the organization to continue with the diffusion of the treaty within civil society and academic institutions as a way of contributing with peace education. But due to financial restrictions

Classical and operant conditioning are two different ways...

Classical and operant conditioning are two different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. Phobias and addictions can be established from classical and operant conditioning. â€Å"In classical conditioning, an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response, through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus. The result is a conditioned response, or learned reflex† (Kowalski Westen, 2011, â€Å"Learning†, p.167). Whereas in operative conditioning, the way an individual behaves is created by an environmental reaction. In this essay I will speak about how phobias can be developed through classical and operant conditioning, the differences between the two, consequences such as†¦show more content†¦The consequences of our behaviors will produce future behaviors. For instance, if a child reacts a certain way such as crying, throwing a fit, or being totally disrespectful after he or she is told no from th eir parent or legal guardian, and they get there way in the end, that child will repeat the same actions in order to get what they want the next time around. If there is no reinforcement the child will always react this way because of the desired response given. Future behaviors are reliant on the consequences from our actions. Classical and Operant conditioning have slight differences on what produces the response. An environmental stimulus will produce the response in classical conditioning such as the ant hill example above; on the other hand, behavior will produce the response in operative conditioning such as the example of the child’s behavior above. Future behaviors can be controlled through consequences such as punishment and reinforcement in operant conditioning. An example is that of the same child above; if a child is awarded for good behavior by receiving minutes on the phone or computer that child is more likely to try and listen to his or her parents. However if that same child was to act badly at home by throwing a fit or disrespecting others he or she would have an item taken away or grounded for an amount of time. The child may think twice next time about his or her actions to avoid the consequences. TheShow MoreRelatedClassical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning Essay1088 Words à ‚  |  5 Pages 1. a) Define Classical Conditioning and Behaviorism. b) Identify the two major characteristics that distinguish classical conditioning from operant conditioning. Classical Conditioning is a type of learning process of an individual when they come in contact with certain stimuli. According to Pavlov, a Russian psychologist, he developed several experiments on learning and he discovered that classical condition is the basic form of learning for an individual. However, according to Pavlov, behaviorismRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesPavlov’s Classical Conditioning vs. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studiesRead MoreAll Our Personalities Is Unique Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesWithout the existence of different personalities, everybody would think, act, and display the same emotions in a given scenario. Although it seems as if sometimes it’s a natural thing to act a specific way, the environment we find ourselves in is what ultimately shapes and constraints us to act in a certain matter (â€Å"What is Personality,† 2009). The behaviorist perspective on personality seeks to develop explanations of behavior; behaviorist believe that personality develops as people interact with othersRead MoreSim ilarities Between Pavlov, John B. Skinner And Classical Conditioning1316 Words   |  6 Pagesexploring the process of learning. While Watson and Pavlov focused on classical conditioning, Skinner worked with operant condition, and Bandura experimented with observational learning. All in all, these psychologist discovered many things about the process of learning, many of which I can apply to my own life experiences. Ivan Pavlov spent most of his time studying classical conditioning, a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events. Pavlov first became interestedRead MorePsychology1586 Words   |  7 Pages you could not physically see the mind. In Ancient Greece thinkers such as Aristotle and Plato could only come up with theories as to how the mind works. Plato believed that some knowledge is innate while Aristotle believed that the ability to learn depended on experience, however neither were able to prove their theories with concrete evidence. As time went on and psychology became more widely known, more theoretical approaches to psychology were introduced. Freud established the psychoanalyticalRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology Is A Important Step Into One s Life1439 Words   |  6 Pages Developmental is the stages that at a certain age as a child we develop milestones, which in increments is what the baby should be able to do on its own without help from the parents. Of course each baby’s don’t learn the same things at the same ages. One child might be late on teething, this doesn’t mean there is something wrong with this child. But, it does pay to be very cautious at how long and if ever the child is doing that milestone by that certain age. If indeed the child fails to associateRead MoreExplain Different Concepts1726 Words   |  7 Pagesmental problems using practical supports such as counters and objects Formal operational (11-15 years) - young people can think about situations that they have not experience - they can juggle with ideas in their minds Links to EYFS Piaget’s work has meant that early years settings and schools have attempted to provide more hands-on and relevant tasks for children and young people. Teachers start by working out the needs of children and plan activities accordingly. Piaget’s work initiatedRead MoreThe Psychoanalytical Theory Of Psychology1567 Words   |  7 Pageswere responsible. Freud is a key theorist of the psychoanalytical approach. He was an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated with studying hysteria. Freud began to publish his work at the turn of the century. He was influenced strongly by three people. French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, used hypnosis as a method to cure hysteria and other ‘mental illnesses’. Another influence was Josef Breuer who was a colleague of Freud’s who also used hypnosis as a method to treat hysterical patients. AnotherRead MoreWhat Is Clinical Psychology?1416 Words   |  6 Pagesmaladaptive, and unjustifiable (Fahoum, 2017). Psychological disorders can be broken down into two classes, neurotic and psychotic. Neurotic is usually distressing, but it is when one thinks rationally and function socially, while psychotic is when a person loses connect with reality and experiences irrational ideas and distorted perceptions (Fahoum, 2017). Different disorders that fall under these two classes to name a few include: anxiety, dissociative, personality, mood, and even SchizophreniaRead MorePsychology: Piaget and Skinner1856 Words   |  8 Pagescognitive psychologists was a scientist called Jean Piaget (1896-1980). According to Piaget, understanding comes in the form of ‘schemas’ (Fritscher, 2011). Schemas are cognitive structures that represent certain aspects of the world (pre-conceived ideas for things). Schemas develop through at least two processes: assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is simply adding new information into an existing schema but keeping the general idea the same. Accommodation is the process in which we change

Critical Thinking in Higher Education-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Compare the two articles. You should Compare and Contrast various ideas expressed in the articles and evaluate which article is more relevant or helpful to understanding the essay topic. Answer: The two chosen articles that are relevant to the topic and can be used in the essay are: Bahr, N. (2010). Thinking critically about critical thinking in higher education.International journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning,4(2), The article states that the thinking about the concept of higher education is not properly understood as the perception of every student is different about higher education. They have different view about the classrooms of the university, environment, professors, students, faculties, education system and about the overall university life (digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu). This article studies the students insight of critical thinking in an Australian university and this article highlights the difference of thinking between the students and the staffs. The way of critical thinking of the students and the staffs changes the attribute of the student as a graduate and that of the staff as a guide. However, this article also says that the students to some extent share the similar definition about the critical thinking in spite of having different thoughts about critical thinking in higher education. The allusions about critical thinking is that this is the desire to try to find new thi ngs, the patience in spite of having doubts, the affection to meditate and the tardiness to assert things and the steadiness to consider the new environment and the carefulness of the students to set in the order of the university. This article also highlights the point that critical thinking is gaining attention in the universities and is a key element for almost every university. Critical thinking is important part of education for the schools and the definition of successful learners is partially related to the critical thinking. The definition of a successful learner is a student who has the power to think deeply, evaluate the evidences in organised manner because of learning in a disciplined way. Duron, R., Limbach, B., Waugh, W. (2006). Critical thinking framework for any discipline.International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education,17(2), 160-166. In the second article, thinking is marked to be a natural activity but it is often biased, partial or prejudiced. However, critical thinking is known as the ability by which a student analyses and evaluates information. The students who are critical thinkers often initiate various questions on higher education and pursue different point of view about the university and its related things. Critical thinking is very important as it is needed in the university and helps the students deal with the questions that arise in them and to understand people and avoid problems. Critical thinking of any student about higher education is dependent on the teachers, the environment and the practices of development. This article states that there are various stages, which initiate the critical thinking concept in the students. Those are to determine the objectives of learning, teaching by use of questions, practising of the students before the promoting the learning, monitoring of the review of the s tudents and improving them. After the improvement is done, providing the students to opportunity to have their own self assessment so that the students can be able to determine their own skills and critically think over it and finally target the students with critical thinking in higher education to determine the objectives. In the conclusion it can be said that, both the articles are based on the critical thinking about the matter of higher education. The feedback of the student is very important because the students have to think very critically to give a proper feedback. They have to think about the overall learning objectives and then provide the feedback and this will give them the idea of critical thinking and introduce in them various question which they will clarify themselves. The disciplined and organised learning that the students have also constructs critical thinking in the students and the students then needs to listen more than just to learn. So it can be said that the critical thinking is the process of preparing a concept, evaluating the information and then recasting the improved form of thinking.